Arduino boards
Arduino shields
Arduino kits
Other accessories
Arduino Boards - You can think of the Arduino board as a little brain that allows you to connect together a vast range of sensors and actuators. An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit or 32-bit AVR microcontroller with complementary components to facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits. Depending on the board, you will find different chips including ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and ATmega2560. The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller’s input and output pins so they can be used as inputs and outputs for other circuits built around the Arduino, and allowing the CPU board to be connected to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known as shields.
Most boards include a 5 volt linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants), although some designs such as the LilyPad run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions. An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices that typically need an external programmer.
At a conceptual level, when using the Arduino software stack, all boards are programmed over an RS-232 serial connection, but the way this is implemented varies by hardware version. Serial Arduino boards contain a simple level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232-level and TTL-level signals. Current Arduino boards are programmed via USB, implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232. Some variants, such as the Arduino Mini and the unofficial Boarduino, use a detachable USB-to-serial adapter board or cable, Bluetooth or other methods. (When used with traditional microcontroller tools instead of the Arduino IDE, standard AVR ISP programming is used.)
If you go to http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Hardware, you will find a surprisingly vast range of Arduino
boards. Each one of them has been designed with a different purpose in mind and thus has different
amount of pins and electronics on board.
Arduino is open source hardware and as such, every official board’s schematics are available to the
public as EAGLE files (EAGLE is a PCB layout, autorouter, and CAM software by Cadsoft). In this way, if none of the board designs seem to satisfy your needs, or if you want to have access to cheaper boards, you can actually make your own Arduino-compatible board. If you want to know how to do this, get Arduino Robotics (Apress, 2011) and you will learn all you need to know to make your own Arduino clone. If you are thinking of creating your own Arduino clones for commercial purposes, make sure you read the Arduino policy at http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Policy.
Arduino Shields - Arduino shields are boards that have been designed to perform a specific task and can be plugged on top of a compatible Arduino board directly, extending the Arduino pins to the top so they are still accessible.
There are a few official Arduino shields and a vast number of unofficial ones that you can find on the
Internet. And the best thing, you can create your own Arduino shields by using an Arduino-compatible Protoshield or by printing your own PCB compatible with the Arduino design.
Some shields communicate with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus, allowing many shields to be stacked and used in parallel.
Arduino Kits - Arduino kit is a package of Arduino board along with different electronic components and project books that can be used for basic arduino projects. These kits are designed to get you started quickly and easily on your path of learning electronics. Arduino kits includes the basic parts you need to start learning Arduino. Even after you graduate to more complicated projects and a wider variety of sensors, you'll still find that the components in these kits form an important part of your prototyping toolkit.
Arduino kits are packed with components to be used by the beginners. These kits are equipped with the components such as,
Arduino Projects Book, Arduino board, USB cable, Breadboard, Wires, Sensors, LEDs, LCD, Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors, Battery, Motor etc.
Other Accessories - Arduino also provides other accessories for microcontroller projects such as,
USB 2 Serial Converter
PoE Module
Micro SD card 2GB with SD adaptor
Breadboard PCB Module
Digital Continuous Rotation (360°) Servo
Analog 180° Micro Servo
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